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FAQ

Why use a garden light for indoor gardening?

Grow lights are usually the most expensive item in the indoor garden, so it's important to choose the right one for your requirements. You should measure the square footage of your garden area, and consider the plants that will be grown. Different plants have different light requirements. Normally, the taller the plant, the more light required in order to reach the lower sections. Plants that flower or fruit typically require more light than those which do not, e.g. herbs.

What type of garden light should you use?

Fluorescents are fine for starting seeds or cuttings, but are not powerful enough to light an area more than 8" - 10" below the bulb. Although more efficient than incandescents, they are still much less efficient than HID light systems. HID (High Intensity Discharge) light systems have revolutionized indoor gardening in the last two decades. They are the most energy efficient grow lights available, so they produce much more light for the amount of power consumed. Horticulturesource.net offers garden lights in MH and HPS. Metal Halide (MH) bulbs emit a light spectrum which appears blue-white to the human eye. This color spectrum is more conducive for vegetative growth, or starting seeds and clones. High Pressure Sodium (HPS) bulbs emit a spectrum which is more concentrated in red/orange light. This color is ideal for the fruiting and flowering stage of a plant's development. It is a good multi-purpose light as well. Larger wattage systems will cover larger growing areas, and since these bulbs produce greater light intensity they are superior for growing taller plants such as tomatoes.

Which garden light is right for me?

Most gardeners use at least 25 watts per square foot of garden space. You may need less if your garden light is used to supplement natural sunlight, or if you are growing a plant that does not require as much light, e.g. lettuce. However, many gardeners prefer to double or even triple the recommended wattage to achieve faster growth rates. There is really no such thing as too much light, but using a big light in a small space will sometimes result in high temperatures that are difficult to control. Keep in mind that plants need periods of darkness too. Most indoor gardeners use supplemental lighting from 10 - 16 hours per day.

Hanging Height:

Keep an HID bulb about 30" - 36" above the top of your plants. (This is an average distance...lower wattage bulbs may be placed closer, while higher wattage bulbs may need to be placed further away). Higher wattage bulbs provide more intense light for large growing areas. Lower wattage systems are used for smaller garden areas. Note: the height of the reflector/fixture above the plants will also affect coverage area.
Average coverage area by wattage:

150 watts ? 2' x 2'
175 watts ? 2' x 2'
250 watts ? 3' x 3'
400 watts ? 4' x 4'
600 watts ? 6.5' x 6.5'
1000 watts ? 8' x 8'

W = AV Watts equals Amperage (Amps) times Voltage

Power Consumption
On average a garden light will increase your electricity cost from $5 to $8 per month (the exact amount depends on the size of the system and the number of hours operated). However, since these grow lights are so energy efficient, you are getting huge amounts of light (and growing power) for your money! Make sure your grow room's power circuit can handle the power draw. For safety reasons, do not exceed 75% of the rated ability of the fuse (for example: use no more than 15 amps on a 20-amp circuit). To calculate your cost, multiply the bulb wattage X hours of operation and divide by 1000. This figure is the number of kilowatt hours of electricity consumed. (Example: a 400 watt bulb running for 18 hours will use 7.2 kilowatt hours). Check your power bill for the cost of each kilowatt hour.

Nutrients
All fertilizers, liquid and grandular nutrients are labeled with the percentage by weight of major nutrients: N-P-K or Nitrogen ? Phosphorus ? Potassium, e.g. 6-5-8 means 6% Nitrogen, 5% Phosphorus, and 8% Potassium by weight.

Secondary Nutrients ? Ca, Mg, S
Essential Elements ? C, H, O
Macronutrients ? C, H, O + N, P, K + Ca, Mg, S
Minor Elements ? Fe, B, Mn, Cu, Cl, Mo, Zn

Concentration measured in ppm (parts per million) utilizing a TDS meter or instrument.

When mixing liquid nutrients use distilled water or water from a reverse osmosis (RO) filtration system. This can be done in a reservoir. Water can get stagnant, to avoid this utilize a swirl pump as well as an air pump.

pH
pH is a measure at how acidic or alkaline your nutrient sodution is. The pH scale goes from 0-14 with 0 up to 7 being acid, 7 neutral, and over 7 to 14 alkaline. Most plants prefer the pH to be in the 6-7 range. Beyond this point some nutrients become less available for your plants' absorption.
The measurement of the acidity of a solution, in terms of activity of hydrogen ions (H+) is measured utilizing an electronic pH meter / instrument, chemical pH test kit or a pH test strip. Most common ornamental houseplants prefer a pH around 6.5. A pH from 5.5 to 7.5 is the range most vegetables require:

PLANT PH
Basil 5.5-6.5
Broccoli 6.0-6.8
Carnation 6.0
Chrysanthemum 6.0-6.2
Cucumber 5.5
Cymbidiums 5.5
Eggplant 6.0
Endive 5.5
Melon 5.5-6.0
Pak-Choi 7.0
PLANT PH
Pea 6.0-7.0
Pumpkin 5.5-7.5
Roses 5.5-6.0
Spinach 6.0-7.0
Strawberries 6.0
Tomatoes 6.0-6.5
Watercress 6.5-6.8
Watermelon 5.8
Zucchini 6.0

Aeroponics
A hydroponic technique involving the use of sprayers, nebulizers, foggers, misters or other devices to create a fine mist of solution to deliver nutrients to plant roots.

Hydroponics
Crop production with mineral nutrient solutions instead of soil containing silt and clay. Terrestrial plants may be grown with their roots in the mineral nutrient solution only or in an inert medium, such as sand, gravel, clay pellets, or rockwool. A variety of techniques exist.

Seeding and Seeds
Store seeds in a cool dry place. To germinate seeds, place in warm wet medium. Warm temperature can be attained with a heating mat w/ thermostat.

Cloning / Propagation
With a pair of clean and sharp pruning sheers cut at about a 45 degree angle below at least two densely placed nodes. Using an angled cut maximizes the surface area of the cut. Clip off the bottom two nodes smooth against the main stem. Clip off all lower foliage leaving only the new top growth. Dip the 45 degree cut and sheered off nodes into rooting compound for the 10 - 30 seconds (depending on the thickness and woodiness of cutting). Place dipped end into desired medium. Maintain moisture, high humidity levels (over 60%) and about 80 degrees Fahrenheit (80° F). Spray the remaining foliage with anti wilt spray. Maintain low levels of nutrients until roots form (e.g. < 300 ppm and NPK 8-5-8). Aeroponic rooters can produce root growth within three days. Utilize 24 hours of fluorescent or low wattage metal halide lighting.

CO2 Generation
Carbon dioxide also known as CO2 or CO2 (sometimes people write CO2). Plants breathe in carbon dioxide while making food via photosynthesis. As such elevated levels of CO2 should only be present during light hours. Blue buring flames, our exhaled breath, and the digetion of sugar by yeast, etc. creates CO2. Where a commercial CO2 generator is used (burning propane), the area should be vented and fresh air be periodically blown in, e.g. generate CO2 with intake and exhaust fans off and maintain CO2 levels for 45 minutes, then stop generating CO2, vent CO2 outside and draw in fresh air, and repeat utilizing a controller. This ventilation will also help maintain temperature and humidity levels.
At very high levels, 30,000 ppm and above, CO2 can cause asphyxiation as it replaces oxygen in our blood.

Outside CO2 levels are around 400 or 500 ppm

Vegetative growth
Maintain 16 to 24 hours of light per day utilizing MH (Metal Halide) lighting. Increase amount of nutrients and nitrogen levels, e.g. NPK 9-5-8 at 450 ppm.

Inducing Blooming
Different plants have different requirements. Some plants bloom at night for example while some orchids bloom with 16 hours of light. Generally however switching to only 12 hours of light per day incorporating HPS (High Pressure Sodium) lighting will bloom most plants. Increase amount of nutrients, phosphorus and potassium levels, e.g. NPK 9-19-13 at 1200 ppm. Increase CO2 levels during light on time, e.g. 5000 ppm.

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